Calcium Oxalate bladder stones are unique in that we typically see these on x-rays and they are not usually associated with bladder infections. They do not dissolve with any special diet and must be surgically removed. Then, the goal is to prevent their re-formation with a special diet and possibly other supplements.

Risk Factors:

• Breed**
• Old Age
• Obesity
• Male Sex
• Neutered
• Some Diseases (like Cushing's Disease)

Conditions associated with the formation of crystals and stones:

• Excessive dietary calicium, sodium, protein, nuts or leafy vegetables
• Excessive vitamin D, vitamin C, or vitamin B6
• Some therapeutic drugs and diets

Once the stones have been removed we rely on prevention:

• Keeping the urine dilute (less than 1.020 in dogs or 1.025 in cats)
• Keeping the urine pH between 7-7.5

We do this with diet, promoting drinking, and supplements.

Statistically – 50-60% of dogs have at least one other surgery to remove stones within the first 3 years of diagnosis.
To avoid this, we recommend monitoring.

• Re-x-ray at 2-4 weeks, 3 months and every 6 months thereafter.
• Urinalysis and labwork after the first month of changing diet and/or adding in supplements.

** Breeds Associated with higher risk of acquiring this condition:

• Schnauzer
• Lhasa apso
• Papillon
• Yorkshire Terrier
• Bichon frise
• Keeshond